Carbureter for hydrocarbon-engines.



No. 802,210. PATENTED OUT. 17, 1905. J. H. JOHNSTON. OARBURETER FOR HYDROOARBON ENG-INES.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 14,1903.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

NEIL

No. 802,216. PATENTED OCT. 1'7, 1905.

J. H. JOHNSTON. GARBURETER FOR HYDROGARBON ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.14,1903.

3 SHEETS-'SHEET 2.

No. 802,216. 'PATENTED 00T. 17, 1905v J. H. JOHNSTN.

CARBURETER POR HYDROGARBON ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.14.1903.

Y 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

tlNll'rlFD STATES JOHN HOWARD JOHNSTON, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

CRBURIETEH FOR HYDROCRBONMENGIN ES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 1'7, 19U5.

Application iled September 14, 1903i Serial No. 178,102.

To rtl/f whom t may concern:

Be it known that l, JOHN HOWARD JOHN- STON, engineer, `a citizen of the United States, residing at 145 Rue de la Pompe, Paris, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Oarbureters for Hydrocarbon- Engines. of which the following is a specilication.

This invention relates to improvements in carbureters for hydrocarbon -engines or motors, and has for its object to provide a carbureter in which the admission of the air for the formation of the explosive mixture shall be automatically regulated accordingl to the extent of aspiration of the engine or motor, and consequently according to the speed of the latter, in such a manner that the richness of the explosive mixture will always re main at the most suitable point for the proper working of the motor. For that purpose the admission of the hydrocarbon, as well as that of the air to be carbureted, is

regulated by a novel means consisting in a` mass of mercury or other suitable liquid which is placed in vessels communicating with each other, in one of which the aspiration of the motor acts in such a manner that the liquid in it is raised to a less or greater height, according as the aspiration is weaker or stronger. The oscillations of the liquid which are thus produced act on the passage of 4the hydrocarbon or of the air so as to obstruct the said passage when the aspiration of the motor decreases and to facilitate the same when the aspiration increases, and this result can be obtained as well by the mass of liquid itself, which uncovers more or less the orilices of the duct. which are suitably arranged :for the hydrocarbon or for the air, as by means of obturating devices, such as valves and the like, which are located in front of the openings for the hydrocarbon or the air and operated by a .floating mass on the oscillating liquid. This regulating means is most advantageous, in that it offers, even when the dimensions are small, a very great sensibility and cannot get out of order on account of the absence of springs, diaphragme, or other devices giving rise to friction. However, to make the regulation precise and efficient it is necessary to prevent the mercury Yfrom oscillating suddenly or from becoming tumultuous by agitation or from separating into several parts under the action of the aspirations of the motor or of shocks-for inn stance, when the carburetor is mounted on a motor-car. ance which molecular attraction opposes to the rapid displacement of liquids when conlined in tubes or vases in arranging in one or several of the vases comn'iunicating with each other and above the mercury floats which are of slightly smaller diameter than that of the vases and a liquid which wets the walls of the vases.

The invention consists also inthe combination of the aforesaid devices for regulating the hydrocarbon and the air with a device for regulating the explosive mixture and which comprises two slide-valves sliding one against the other, one of which is operated by hand and the other which is operated by the centrifugal governor of the engine or motor in such a manner that the amount of explosive mixture aspired by the motor can be modilied by one of the slide-valves at the will of the driver, while it remains constantly regulated by the other slide-valve in accordance with the speed of the motor, the said amount decreasing when the speed increases, andvice versa.

The accompanying drawings show, by way of example, several forms of my 'improved carbureter.

Figure 1 represents a vertical section or carbureter in which are incorporated the `features of my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the same on the line A B of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line O D of Fig. l. Fig. t shows in vertical section a modified form ofthe arrangement for regulating the hydrocarbon. Figs. 5 and 6 are vertical sections of other modilied forms of the invention.

The apparatus shown in Figs. l to 3 comprises asuctionsbox 1, carrying a feed-pipe 2 for the hot air, a pipe 3, connected to the suction-Valve of the motor, and a vessel or vase et, the top of which is connected bya duct 5 with a receptacle (not shown) containing the hydrocarbon and in which the hydrocarbon remains constantly at the same level. The box or casing l is also connected to a chest 6, provided with slide-valves for regulating' the passage of the pure air and of the explosive mixture. In the vessel 4 is immerged a spray-pipe 7, the upper end of which opens into the center of a tube 8 in the form of a funnel located in the casing l. The vessel 4 contains a certain quantity of mercury 9, which is able to rise AIi in the spray-pipe 7 in passing through its lower end. The side of the pi pe 7 1s pierced For that purpose I use the resist- TOO by holes 10 11 12 for the passage of the hydrocarbon. The quantity of mercury is such that when the motor is at rest the upper hole 10. which is very small, is the only one uncovered by the mercury. Then the motor is started and so long as the speed of the same does not go beyond a certain point, the hydrocarbon can pass exclusively through the hole 10 in the spray tube or pipe and penetrate into the tube 8, to become vaporized in the hot air sucked in at 2, in passing afterward to the motor through the pipe 3. Under the effect of the aspiration of the motor in the tube 8 on the one hand and the constant pressure (atmospheric pressure increased by a constant column of hydrocarbon) acting in the vessel 4 on the other hand the mercury rises in the spray-pipe 7 and falls in the vessel 4, when the following` phenomenon occurs: A little before the level of the mercury around the spray-pipe has gone down as far as the hole 11, Fig. 1, the hydrocarbon descends between the mercury and the outer wall of the said pipe, passes through the hole 11, and rises in the spray-pipe between the inner wall of the latter and the mercury. There is thusproduced an in versed siphoning of the hydrocarbon between the walls of the spray-pipe and the mercury on account or' the aspiration in the latter, so that the passage of the hydrocarbon is increased in spite of the rise of the mercury in the pipe 7. lf the aspiration of the motor becomes stronger, the mercury uncovers the hole 11 at the outside and the hydrocarbon passes more rapidly through the said hole to rise up again between the inner wall of the spray-pipe and the mercury contained in the latter. For a still-stronger aspiration the hydrocarbon can also pass through the hole 12 in the same manner. There is thus obtained for the hydrocarbon a passage which is all the more easy as the aspiration is stronger, and the number and the spacing of the holes, such as those 10 11 12, can be so regulated by experiments that the richness of the mixture formed in the tube 8 will be as constant as possible or will vary according to a suitable law. In the chest 6 there are pierced Jfor the admission of a supplementaryquantity of air openings 18, which are more or less obstructed by cylindrical drawer or slide-valve 14, the rod 15 ot' which is supported by a weight 16, floating on a mercury-bath 17. The said mercury is contained in the vessels, communicating with each other, 18 and 19 19 19h, the three latter being located symmetrically around the former and being each provided with an outlet 20, opening into the open air. Under the influence of the aspiration produced by the motor in the chest 6, and consequently in the vessel 18, the mercury rises in the latter, so that for dilferent degrees of depression the drawer or valve 14 uncovers more or less the openings 13 and admits into the chest 6 a supplementary quantity of air, which becomes mixed with the carbureted air issuing from the tube 8 when admitted into the tube 3. By the concentric arrangement ot' the vessels 19 19(t 1911 nullify the disturbing inuence of the leaning movements or' the carbureter, which would bring about a variation in the levels in the vessels independently of the depression caused by the motor. To regulate thesection ofthe passage for the explosive mixture, I arrange in the chest 6 two concentric tubular drawers or slide-valves 21 and 22 opposite the tube 8, the two drawers or valves being capable of being' brought nearer the latter, so as to more or less narrow the passage Jfor the mixture of carbureted air and of air which is drawn in through the pipe 13. The drawer or valve 21 is 4provided with an operating-rod 23, by which it is connected to a regulating device in the form of a centrifugal governor (not shown) in order to render narrower and narrower the passage for the mixture as the speed of the motor increases. The drawer or valve 22 is connected by a rod 23a (see Fig. 2l to any suitable controlling device (not shown) operated by hand. This system ot' regulation by means of independent drawers or valves is very compact and very simple in construction. In order to prevent the jolts received by the carbureter from causing the mercury to splash out of the vessels, I locate in the spray-pipe 7, as well as in the vessel 19, iron balls 24 of a slightly smaller diameter than the walls surrounding the same. lt is also advantageous to give to the weight 16 a spherical or segmental shape of a diameter slightly smaller than that of the vessel 18. Besides it is important to place above the mercury in the vessel 18 or in the vessels 19 or in all these vessels a layer of liquid 25- water, for instance, or glycerin or the like, which on account ot' the molecular actions opposes the sudden displacements ofthe mercury.

Fig. 4 shows a modih'ed form of device for regulating the passage of the hydrocarbon and in which the hydrocarbon is fed through a tube 5u into a vessel 4a, on the top ot' which is mounted the spray-pipe 7n. The said tube 5 dips into the mercury 9, contained in the vessel 4, and is provided in one side with a small hole 10n above the mercury and with several holes', such as those 11l1 12, located below the level of the mercury when at rest. When the aspiration of the motor acts at the orifice of the spray-pipe, the hydrocarbon passes in small quantities through the hole 10 and the mercury rises inthe vessel 4a and falls in the tube 5u. hen the aspiration is sufliiciently strong, one or more of the holes 11a 12u become uncovered within the tube 5, and the hydrocarbon drawn through the said holes rises between the outer wall of the tube and the mercury surrounding the same in a manner similar to that described in reference IOC scaeie to Fig. 1. permits of very easily giving to the tube 5 and to the vessel il diameters which are very different, so that the mercury falls in the tube 5a to a much greater extent than that in which it rises in the vessel 4, the sensibility of the regulation th us becoming much greater. By locating the tube 5LL in the center oi the vessel 4 I nullify the influence or' the various leanings of the carbureter on the level of the mercury. 24 designates iron balls arrang'ed on the mercury around the tube 5IL to prevent it splashing under the action oll jolts.

In the foregoingdescription `it was assumed that the liquid subjected to the action of aspiration in the vessels communicatingI with each other was mercury; but I may use any other suitable liquid-water,for in stance-provided I increase the depth of the vessels in taking into account the difference of the densities. I may use liquids less dense than mercury, and especially when the carbureter is a fixture and when the apparatus may be ot' greater size.

The passage of the hydrocarbon into the spray-pipe7 is regulated by the mercury itselfl in the example shown; but I may without departing from the invention regulate the said passage by means of any obdurating devicea conical needle, for instance-connected to a ioat located in one of the vessels communieating with each other, as shown in Fig. 5. In this iigure 19" and 19l represent the two communicating vessels, 26 the hydrocarbonvalve, and 161 the float in the vessel 19t' and connected to said valve. The aspiration of the motor acts in 19d, while the mercury in 19c issubjected to atmospheric pressure increased by the height of hydrocarbon contained in the hydrocarbon-reservoir. (Not shown.)

Instead of regulating the passage oll the explosive mixture by means of a drawer or slidevalve 21, controlled by the centrifugal governor, I may obtain this result by means of a drawer or a valve or the like, operated by a mass of liquid oscillatingin vessels communieating' with each other, in one of which the aspiration of the motor acts, while atmospheric pressure acts in the other, as shown in Fig. 6. In said :ligure 19e and 19il represent the two communicating vessels; Q7, a gasvalve; 16h, the iioat in the vessel 19Ll and connected with the valve, and 17 the mercury in the said vessels. In the vessel 19C the aspiration of the motor acts while vessel 19" is subiected to atmospheric pressure.

I claiml. In a carbureter for explosion-motors, means for regulating each of the fluids ol the combustible mixture, operated directly by the suction of the motor, each means comprising vessels communicating with each other and containing a mass o1 mercury, a communication between one of the said vessels and the The arrangement shown in Fig. I

suction-tube, and a passage for one of the said iiuids regulated by the displacements of the mercury which oscillates in the vessel in concordance with the greater or less suction of the motor.

2. In a carbureter for explosion-motors, a device for regulating' the fuel, comprising a vessel containing a mass of mercury, a tubular vessel, the lower end of which is open and immersed in the mercury, and in the walls of which are oriiices beneathl the level of the mercury, a fuel-inlet to the lirst vessel above the level of the mercury, and a suction-pipe connected to the top ci the tubular vessel.

3. In a carl'iureter for explosion-motors, a device for regulating the passage of the air comp sing two vessels communicating with each other, a liquid in the said vessels, a communication between the second vessel and the outer air, a float located in one of the vessels, an orilice for the admission of the air, and a drawer or slide-valve located in front of the said orilice and connected to the said float.

4E. In a carbureter for explosion-motors, a device for regulating the passage of the air comprising vessels communicating with each other, a communication between lone of the said vessels and the suction ci the motor, mercury in the said vessels, an oriiice -for the passage of the air, means for regulating the said oriice and which are operated by the said mercury, a Alioat on the mercury in one of the vessels and having a diameter somewhat smaller than that of the vessel, and a liquid of less density than the mercury in the said vessel.

5. In a carbureter lior explosion-motors, a device for regulating the passage of the air comprising vessels communicating with each other, a liquid in the said vessels, acommunication between one ol. the vessels and the suction oil the motor, an orilice `for the passage of the air, and means for regulating the said oriiice and which are operated by the said liquid, the last-mentioned vessel being located in the center ol the others in order to nullify the inliuence oi the various leanings of the carbureter on the level of the liquid in the said central vessel.

6. A carbureter tor explosion-motors, comprising a device for regulating the hydrocarbon and a device lor regulating the air, the said devices being' operated separately by the suction of the motor, vessels communicating with each other, and masses of liquid in the said vessels to operate the said regulating devices, and a device for regulating the mixture ol" hydrocarbon and ol air, comprising two drawers or slide-valves sliding the one against the other and iiidependently the one ot' the other.

7. A carbureter for explosion-motors, comprising a suction-pipe connected with the motor, a funnel in communication at its base with the said suction-pipe, a spraying-nozzle IOO ISO

extending into the shank of the funnel, a hotair-supply pipe opening onto the apex end of the funnel, an automatic liquid-fuel supply for the Said nozzle, an air-inlet for the said suction-pipe, opposite the base end of the funnel, and automatic means for regulating Y the said air-inlet to admit more or less air, as

so2,21c

forations in its side, and means for supplying the liquid to the said vessel, as set forth.

9'. A carburetor for explosion-motors, provided with a spraying-nozzle for the liquid fuel, a vessel for containing mercury, connected with a liquid-fuel supply, and a tube extending' into the vessel and immersed with its lower open end in the mercury, the said tube having in its side perforations located one above the other, to establish communication between the Vessel and the tube, asy set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as rny invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing1 Witnesse JOHN HOARD JO STON. lVitnesses:

HAMILLE BLTRY-I PAUL F. PQUET. 

